What typically results from an indictment?

The correct response is a formal charge by a grand jury. An indictment is a legal procedure that occurs when a grand jury determines that there is sufficient evidence to formally accuse an individual of a crime. This process serves as a means of ensuring that individuals are not subjected to legal action without adequate evidence to support the allegations against them.

When a grand jury issues an indictment, it signifies that they believe there is enough evidence to warrant a trial for the accused individual, although it does not signify guilt or innocence. This is a crucial step in the criminal justice process, as it lays the groundwork for the prosecution to bring charges and move forward with the case in court.

The other options do not align with the function of an indictment. A conviction is the outcome of a trial and comes after evidence has been presented, while parole recommendations involve considerations after a sentence has been served. Similarly, a plea bargain is an agreement between a defendant and prosecutor regarding a lesser charge or sentence, which occurs at a different stage in the legal process.